棱镜英文丨轴心时间的想想会通之光照进现代尼山

在两千多年前的“轴心时间”，出现了很多伟大的想想家，如古希腊的苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德，以及中国的孔子等。若四位先贤跨时空对话，东西方的顶流智谋会有若何的暴露？

During the “Axial Age,“ over two thousand years ago, many great thinkers emerged, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle from ancient Greece, as well as Confucius from China. If these four sages were to converse across time and space, what mutual understanding would be achieved between the top-level wisdom of East and West?

孔子VS柏拉图

东说念主生要旨：

Confucius vs. Plato

Philosophy of Life

孔子：志于说念，据于德。

柏拉图：公民应具备“四大良习”。

他们皆将“德性”视为东说念主生要旨。

Confucius: “Set your sights on the way, sustain yourself with excellence.“

Plato: “Citizens should possess the four‘cardinal virtues' (of wisdom, courage, discipline, and justice).“

They both regarded “virtue“ as the essence of life.

期许社会：

Ideal Society:

孔子：老者安之，一又友信之，少者怀之。

柏拉图：在这么的国度里，任何一个公民的幸福和可怜皆不错是系数国度的幸福或可怜，在这个国度里应该我黼子佩，有难同当。

Confucius: “In regard to the aged, to give them rest; in regard to friends, to show them sincerity; in regard to the young, to treat them tenderly.“

Plato: “In such a country, the happiness and suffering of any citizen can be the ones of the entire nation; citizens and the country should share bliss and misfortune together.“

孔子VS亚里士多德

中和之说念：

Confucius vs. Socrates

Doctrine of the Mean

子曰：有过之而无不足。

亚里士多德：有三种品性，两种恶，其中一种是过度，一种是不足；一种善，善是四肢中间的驱散的德性。

二东说念主追求“中和”的东说念主生玄学，旨在追求东说念主类社会互助调和地简单发展。

Confucius: “Excess is as bad as deficiency.“

Aristotle: “There are three kinds of qualities, two kinds of evil, one of which is excessive, and one of which is deficient; one is good, and it is moderate in a proper way.“

They both pursued the “Doctrine of the Mean“, aiming to pursue the harmonious development of human society.

对待友谊：

Regarding Friendship

孔子：一又友切切偲偲，伯仲怡怡。

亚里士多德：一又友应提供同样的东西并相互期求同样的东西。

二东说念主皆觉得最期许的友爱是对等、相互勉励的友爱。

Confucius:“Unlike the order of kinship between brothers, friends are equal and should encourage each other to progress towards the good.“

Aristotle: “Friends should share the same things and mutually aim for the same things.“

They both believed that the ideal friendship is one of equality and mutual encouragement.

孔子VS苏格拉底

不要躺平

Confucius vs. Socrates

Avoiding Laid-backAttitude

孔子：无所事事，无所全心。

苏格拉底：这个宇宙上有两种东说念主，一种是自得的猪，一种是可怜的东说念主。作念可怜的东说念主，不作念自得的猪。

皆不讴歌只无餍享乐，觉得东说念主生必须有所想考。

Confucius: “He who always has full stomach but does nothing meaningful is simple a good-for-nothing.“

Socrates: “In this world, there are two kinds of people: those who are happy like pigs and those who suffer like humans. It is better to be a person who suffers than a happy pig.“

They both disapproved of mere pursuit of pleasure and believed that life must involve contemplation.

东说念主生追求

Life Pursuit

孔子：苟正其身矣，于从政乎何有？不可正其身，如正东说念主何？

苏格拉底：想独揽天地的东说念主，须先能独揽我方。

一个东说念主只须先我方修德、求职，然后才可能在社会上迎头赶上。

Confucius: “If you cannot rectify yourself, how can you rectify others? To rectify oneself is the foundation.“

Socrates: “He who would influence the world must first take control of himself.“

They both emphasized the importance of self-cultivation and moral rectitude as prerequisites for making meaningful contributions to society.

轴心时间的雅致无比皆经验了文化和想想的相似和长入，在2024年的今天，想想会通的后光重新能干在第十届尼山宇宙雅致无比论坛上，古代与现代、东方与西方雅致无比在这一论坛上相似互鉴，嘉会更印证了孔子名言——“德不孤，必有邻”。

During the Axial Age, civilizations underwent cultural and intellectual exchanges and integration. In 2024, the brilliance of this intellectual fusion shines once again at the 10th Nishan Forum on World Civilizations. At this grand event, ancient and modern, Eastern and Western civilizations engage in mutual exchange and learning, embodying Confucius' famous saying: “Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors.“

（部分素材开始：中国社会科学网 中新社）